RUTHENIUM - RUTENION

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=58 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="751" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 29 WIDTH="749"><div> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#006699" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><B>    </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ATOMIC ELEMENTS"><U>TO THE PERIODIC TABLE</U></A>       <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FFFFFF" FACE="Arial" ><B>ATOMIC ELEMENTS</B></FONT></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="749"><div> <A HREF="group_10.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="GROUP 10"><U>GROUP 10</U></A>   |   <A HREF="iron_and_steel_data.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="IRON"><U>IRON</U></A>   |   <B> RUTHENIUM - RUTENION</B>   |   <A HREF="samarium_samarion_data.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="SAMARIUM SAMARION"><U>SAMARIUM - SAMARION</U></A>   |   <A HREF="osmium_osmion_data.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="OSMIUM OSMION"><U>OSMIUM - OSMION</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=320 BGCOLOR="#FFCC66" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <IMG SRC="c7ecb050.gif" border=0 width="203" height="261" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> RUTENION</div> <div> RUTHENIUM    RUTENIO</div> <div> RUTENIJ</div> </td> <td valign="top" height=422 BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <B> RUTHENIUM - RUTENION</B></div> <div> <B>A HARD SILVERY WHITE  </B></div> <div> <B>ABRASION & CORROSION RESISTANT</B></div> <div> <B>ALLOY METAL</B></div> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="5" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="404" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#00FFFF > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 103 ><NOBR><div> DENSITY </div> <div>             @ 20°C  = 10<B>.</B>22 gcc</div> <bR> <bR> <div> HARDNESS</div> <div> IN DURONS     =  6<B>,</B>489 dur</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> MELTING POINT</div> <div> TEMPERATURE  =  2<B>,</B>310°C</div> <bR> <bR> <div> BOILING  POINT</div> <div> TEMPERATURE  =  3<B>,</B>900°C</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="398" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#33FFCC HEIGHT= 117 ><NOBR><div> THE WEIGHT OF RUTENION REPRESENTS THE COMBINED </div> <div> AVERAGE WEIGHT OF SEVEN STABLE <A HREF="data_key.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="KEY TO THE DATA"><U>I</U></A><A HREF="glossary.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="GLOSSARY"><U>SOTOPES</U></A></div> <div> ONE OF THE ISOTOPES HAS MAGNETIC FORCE & CAN BE USED</div> <div> TO MAKE MAGNETIC POINTS FOR <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" >COMPASS NEEDLES</FONT></div> <div> THREE OF THE ISOTOPES ARE MAGNETIC,</div> <div> & THREE OF THEM ARE NON- MAGNETIC</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="382"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="382" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#33FFCC HEIGHT= 52 ><NOBR><div> EACH OF THEM ARE RESISTANT TO CORROSION</div> <div> BUT ONLY THE NON-MAGNETIC ONES</div> <div> MAKE FUNCTIONAL CATHODES </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="382"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="382" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#33FFCC HEIGHT= 34 ><NOBR><div> RUTENION-PLATINON ALLOYS MAKE GOOD ANODES</div> <div> FOR 2 PHASE CURRENT ELECTRO-CHEMISTRY.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="382"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="382" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#33FFCC HEIGHT= 34 ><NOBR><div> RUTENION ALLOYS METALS CANNOT BE CUT </div> <div> WITH AN ACETYLENE TORCH, BUT THEY CAN BE WELDED</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="382"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="382" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#33FFCC HEIGHT= 34 ><NOBR><div> RUTENION-PLATINON ALLOYS DO NOT SPOT WELD </div> <div> NOR DO RUTENION-PALADION-PLATINON-IRON ALLOYS </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="382"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="382" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 41 ><NOBR><div> <B>THE INDUSTRIAL USES OF RUTENION</B></div> <div> RUTENION IS USED IN SMALL QUANITYS TO HARDEN METALS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="382"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="382" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 34 ><NOBR><div> RUTENION IS USED AS AN ADDITIVE IN PLATINON METAL </div> <div> ELECTRICAL CONTACTS FOR SEVERE WEAR RESISTANCE</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="382"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="382" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 92 ><NOBR><div> IT IS ALSO ALLOYED WITH IRIDION TO CREATE HARD</div> <div> WEATHER RESISTANT ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS,</div> <div> ON SPACE PROBES AND SATELLITES.</div> <div> & IN ELECTRICAL CONTACTS IN SMALL DESKTOP COMPUTERS</div> <div> THAT NEED TO BE NON-MAGNETIC AND HEAT RESISTANT</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="382"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="382" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#00FFFF HEIGHT= 56 ><NOBR><div> <B>SOURCES</B></div> <div> RUTENION IS OBTAINED FROM PENTLANDITE, PYROXINITE</div> <div> AND SEVERAL OTHER PLATINON OR IRIDION ORES</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="382"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="382" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#00FFFF HEIGHT= 37 ><NOBR><div> <B>COSTS</B></div> <div> RUTENION COSTS ABOUT  $41.95 A GRAM OR $18,452 A POUND</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="382"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="382" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 225 ><NOBR><div> <B>RESEARCH</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> EACH OF THE RUTENION ISOTOPES </div> <div> HAS A VERY DIFFERENT BONDING TEMPERATURE. </div> <div> THE UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND,IS WORKING ON </div> <div> ISOTOPE SEPARATION TECHNIQUES.</div> <div> BECAUSE SOME RUTENION ISOTOPES </div> <div> ARE ABLE TO LIMIT,</div> <div> EXCESSIVE NUCLEAR FISSION</div> <div> THE UNIVERSITY OF PRAQUE IS STUDYING A SYSTEM</div> <div> FOR CREATING POLONION-RUTENION ,LONG LIVED ATOMS</div> <div> IN ORDER TO CREATE,SAFER NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="382"><div> <A HREF="ruthenium_rutenion_data_m.htm" TITLE=" RUTHENIUM RUTENION"><U>BACK TO TOP</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> .</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>