LEARNING CHEMISTRY

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" height=33 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FFFFFF" FACE="Arial" ><B>      </B><B>ATOMIC ELEMENTS</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#006699" FACE="Arial" > | </FONT>  <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ATOMIC ELEMENTS"><U>TO THE PERIODIC TABLE</U></A>                              <B>       </B>LEARNING ABOUT CHEMISTRY ---- PRESS F-11</div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=447 BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" TEXT="#080000"> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="1" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="744" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 34 WIDTH="742"><div> <B>THE CHEMISTRY OF OUR WORLD</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 535 ><NOBR><bR> <div> OUR ENTIRE PHYSICAL WORLD,</div> <div> IS MADE OF 18 GROUPS OF VERY SMALL </div> <div> ROUND OBJECTS, THAT ARE CALLED ATOMS, </div> <div> or THE ATOMIC ELEMENTS, and VERY OFTEN, </div> <div> SIMPLY AS......THE ELEMENTS.</div> <div> THE <A HREF="#molecules___chemical_formulas" TITLE="LEARNING CHEMISTRY"><U>QUALITYS</U></A> OF THE 6-7 ATOMIC ELEMENTS, </div> <div> IN EACH OF THESE 18 GROUPS, ARE SHOWN, </div> <div> ON THE PAGES, LINKED TO THE 18 COLORED</div> <div> BOXES AT THE TOP OF THIS PERIODIC TABLE </div> <div> EACH OF THE ATOMIC ELEMENTS, </div> <div> HAS A PRECISE SIZE, MASS and WEIGHT or,</div> <div> IF IT EXISTS AS MORE THAN ONE SIZE OF ATOM, </div> <div> THEN, THE SIZE, MASS and WEIGHT OF THAT </div> <div> ATOMIC ELEMENT,IS GIVEN AS,THE AVERAGE </div> <div> OF ALL ITS DIFFERENT SIZE ATOMS.</div> <div> EACH OF THE DIFFERENT SIZES OF ATOMS OF, </div> <div> AN ATOMIC ELEMENT, WITH MORE THAN ONE SIZE, </div> <div> IS CALLED AN ISOTOPE OF THAT ATOMIC ELEMENT.</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="402"><bR> <div> AT SPECIFIC TEMPERATURES, ATOMS ARE ABLE TO JOIN,</div> <div> OR BOND, WITH OTHER ATOMS,THAT ARE NEAR TO THEM,</div> <div> BY SHARING, BORROWING OR LOANING THOSE ELECTRONS,</div> <div> IN THEIR OUTER ELECTRON ORBITALS, WITH OTHER ATOMS.</div> <div> WHEN ATOMS, JOIN WITH SHARED ELECTRON BONDS, </div> <div> THEY ALSO, SHARE ALL THOSE SPECIAL, ATOMIC QUALITYS,</div> <div> WHICH ARE SHOWN IN THE BOXES AT THE TOP OF THE TABLE.</div> <div> AND THEREBY, NEW TYPES OF MATERIALS,CAN BE CREATED,</div> <div> SUCH AS, STEEL ALLOYS, PLASTICS AND URETHANE FOAMS.</div> <div> ALL THE ORGANIC MOLECULES,IN US AND IN ALL LIVING MATTER HAVE SHARED,ELECTRON BONDS,WHICH ARE ALSO CALLED,</div> <div> CO-VALENT ELECTRON BONDS and COVALENTE LIGANDES</div> <div> WHEN ATOMS JOIN WITH LOANED -POSITIVE BONDS, </div> <div> OR WITH, BORROWED-NEGATIVE, ELECTRON BONDS,</div> <div> WHICH ARE CALLED BY CHEMISTS, IONIC BONDS.</div> <div> THEY THEN MAKE,THE NON-ORGANIC OR INORGANIC MATERIALS</div> <div> WE USE TO MAKE TOOLS,HOMES,AUTOS,BRIDGES and AIRPLANES. </div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="#molecules___chemical_formulas" TITLE="LEARNING CHEMISTRY"><U>PAGE DOWN</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 25 ><NOBR><div> <B>MOLECULES and THEIR CHEMICAL FORMULAS</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > <A NAME="molecules___chemical_formulas"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 700 ><NOBR><bR> <div> A GROUP OF JOINED ATOMS, IS CALLED,<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><I> </I></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>A MOLECULE</B></FONT></div> <div> THE QUANTITY OF THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ATOMS, </div> <div> IN A MOLECULE, CREATES ITS <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>CHEMICAL QUALITYS</B></FONT></div> <div> WHICH ARE,</div> <div> ITS AROMA,</div> <div> ITS COLOR,</div> <div> ITS FLEXIBILITY.</div> <div> ITS SOFTNESS OR HARDNESS, </div> <div> ITS MELTING TEMPERATURE, </div> <div> ITS BOILING TEMPERATURE,</div> <div> AND ALSO ITS WEIGHT  </div> <div> THE WRITTEN QUANTITY and THE ATOMIC SYMBOL </div> <div> OF EACH OF THE TYPES OF ATOMIC ELEMENTS, </div> <div> IN A CHEMICAL'S MOLECULES,IS ITS, <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>CHEMICAL FORMULA</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B> CHEMICAL FORMULAS, ARE MADE</B><B> IN TWO FORMATS</B></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>1</B></FONT>.WITH THE EXACT QUANTITY OF EACH TYPE OF ATOMIC ELEMENT,</div> <div>     IN THE GROUPS OF MULTI-CYCLIC MOLECULES, THAT MODERN,</div> <div>     COMPUTERS, MULTICYCLIC COMPOUND SYNTHESIZERS and</div> <div>     NMR-MOLECULAR WEIGHT ANALYZING EQUIPMENT REQUIRE or,</div> <div>  </div> <div> <B>2</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" >. AS A SIMPLIFIED RATIO OF THE TYPES OF JOINED ATOMS OF,</FONT></div> <div>     EACH OF THE ATOMIC ELEMENTS, IN A CHEMICAL'S MOLECULES.</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> AS SHOWN BELOW.......<A HREF="#how_to_write_formulas" TITLE="LEARNING CHEMISTRY"><U>PAGE DOWN</U></A></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>  </div> <bR> <div> <B>  </B></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=BOTTOM COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 WIDTH="742"><div>  <A NAME="how_to_write_formulas"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>HOW TO WRITE....THE EXACT QUANTITY MOLECULAR FORMULAS</B></FONT></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 588 ><NOBR><bR> <div> THE EXACT QUANTITY MOLECULAR FORMULAS, </div> <div> FOR COMPUTERS & MOLECULAR WEIGHT ANALYSIS,</div> <div> ARE WRITTEN, USING THE <A HREF="3_letter_abbreviations.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="SYMBOLS AND LATIN NAMES"><U>3-LETTER,</U></A></div> <div> EASY TO REMEMBER, ABBREVIATION-SYMBOLS,</div> <div> WITH THE EXACT QUANTITY OF EACH OF THE ELEMENT'S ATOMS,</div> <div> THAT ARE IN THE ENTIRE MULTI-CYCLIC MOLECULE,</div> <div> PLACED BEFORE ITS 3-LETTER ABBREVIATION-SYMBOL and,</div> <div> IN THE ORDER SHOWN IN THE EXAMPLES BELOW,</div> <div> WHICH IS THE ORDER,THAT,</div> <div> WE NEED TO HAVE,TO SYNTHESIZE THEM.</div> <div> <B>IRON SULFIDE</B><B> </B><B>= 6.IRO + 6.SLF</B></div> <div> <B>BORON CLORIDE = 6.BOR +18.CLR</B></div> <div> <B>BARION SULFIDE</B><B> = 32.BRI + 32.SLF </B></div> <div> <B>VITAMIN C</B><B> </B><B>= 36.CBN+ 36.OCS + 48.HDR</B></div> <div> <B>VITAMIN  B-3 = 12.NTR + 72.CBN + 24.OCS + 60.HDR</B></div> <div> THESE, EXACT QUANTITY,MOLECULAR FORMULAS,</div> <div> ARE USED, BOTH TO ANALYZE CHEMICALS,AND </div> <div> TO DISPENSE CHEMICALS, ELECTRONICALLY,</div> <div> WHEN GUIDED BY COMPUTER ASSISTED CONTROLS.</div> <div> WHICH MUST HAVE THE QUANTITYS OF EACH ELEMENT,</div> <div> WRITTEN BEFORE THE SYMBOLS, FOR THE ATOMIC ELEMENTS.</div> <div> IN ORDER,FOR THEM TO ANALYZE THE MOLECULAR COMPONENTS,</div> <div> AND THEN, TO CALCULATE AND DISPENSE, NEEDED CHEMICALS.</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="#how_to_write____the_simplified" TITLE="LEARNING CHEMISTRY"><U>PAGE DOWN</U></A></div> <bR> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=CENTER COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 20 ><NOBR><div>  <A NAME="how_to_write____the_simplified"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>HOW TO WRITE....THE SIMPLIFIED RATIOS....CHEMICAL FORMULAS</B></FONT></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 489 ><NOBR><bR> <div> THE SIMPLIFIED RATIO, CHEMICAL FORMULAS,</div> <div> THAT USED FOR MIXING SIMPLE CHEMICALS,</div> <div> ARE WRITTEN:</div> <div> WITH THE 1 & 2 LETTER CHEMICAL SYMBOLS</div> <div> OF THE ATOMIC ELEMENTS, HOWEVER,</div> <div> THE QUANTITYS, ARE PLACED, BEHIND, THE SYMBOLS,</div> <div> AND ARE WRITTEN AS, NUMERIC SUB-SCRIPTS, </div> <div> AS SHOWN IN THE EXAMPLES BELOW,</div> <div> OF THE SAME CHEMICALS.</div> <div> <B>FERROUS SULFIDE = FeS or (FeS)</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>6</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>BORON CLORIDE = BCl</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT><B> or (BCl</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>3</B></FONT><B>)</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>6</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>BARIUM SULFIDE = BaS or (BaS)</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>32</B></FONT><B> </B></div> <div> <B>VITAMIN C = C</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>6</B></FONT><B>H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>8</B></FONT><B>O</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>6</B></FONT><B> or (C</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>6</B></FONT><B>H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>8</B></FONT><B>O</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>6</B></FONT><B>)</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Swiss 721 SWA" ><B>6</B></FONT></div> <div> <B>VITAMIN  B-3 = C</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>6</B></FONT><B>H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>5</B></FONT><B>NO</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B> or (C</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>6</B></FONT><B>H</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>5</B></FONT><B>NO</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>2</B></FONT><B>)</B><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B>12</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#660000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT></div> <div> SIMPLIFIED CHEMICAL RATIO FORMULAS,</div> <div> HELP PEOPLE TO PROPORTION CHEMICALS,</div> <div> WHICH THEN, ARE ADDED TOGETHER,</div> <div> TO MAKE USEFUL,CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS.</div> <div> THEY WORK BEST WHEN THE QUANTITYS,</div> <div> ARE LESS THAN 2.5LBS OR 1KG</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <A HREF="learning_chemistry_m.htm" TITLE="LEARNING CHEMISTRY"><U>BACK TO THE TOP OF THIS PAGE</U></A></div> <bR> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP COLSPAN=2 HEIGHT= 19 WIDTH="742"><div> TO LEARN MORE ABOUT CHEMISTRY,  YOU CAN VISIT <A HREF="http://www.chemistry-school.info" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.chemistry-school.info"><U>CHEMISTRY-SCHOOL.INFO </U></A> </div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>