BISMUTH - BISMUTON

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=73 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="712" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 29 WIDTH="448"><div> <A HREF="group_17.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="GROUP 17"><U>GROUP 17</U></A><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#FFFFFF" FACE="Arial" ><B>                               </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#006699" FACE="Arial" ><B> |</B></FONT><B> </B></div> </tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="261"><div> <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#FFFFCC" FACE="Arial" >       </FONT><B>ATOMIC ELEMENTS</B></div> </tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 32 ><NOBR><div> <A HREF="nitrogen_nitron_atomic_data.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="NITROGEN NITRON"><U> NITROGEN - NITRON</U></A>  |  <A HREF="phosphorus_fosforon_data.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="PHOSPHORUS FOSFORON"><U>PHOSPHORUS - FOSFORON</U></A>  |  <A HREF="arsenic_arsenon_data.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ARSENIC ARSENON"><U>ARSENIC - ARSENON</U></A> </div> <div>      <A HREF="antimony_stibnion_data.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ANTIMONY STIBNION"><U>ANTIMONY - STIBNION</U></A>  |  <A HREF="thulium_tulion_data.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="THULLIUM TULION"><U>THULLIUM - TULION</U></A>  |  <A HREF="bismuth_bismuton_data.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="BISMUTH BISMUTON"><U>BISMUTH - BISMUTON</U></A></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP WIDTH="261"><div> <B> </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ATOMIC ELEMENTS"><U>TO THE PERIODIC TABLE</U></A> </div> <bR> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=320 BGCOLOR="#FFCC66" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <IMG SRC="cd2c8030.gif" border=0 width="200" height="259" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> BISMUTON</div> <div> BISMUTH      BISMUTO</div> <div> WISMUT                        VISMUT</div> </td> <td valign="top" height=407 BGCOLOR="#FFFFCC" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <B>BISMUTH - BISMUTON</B></div> <div> <B> PINK WHITE BRITTLE </B></div> <div> <B> SPECIAL USE ALLOY METAL</B></div> <div> <B> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="6" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="406" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" BGCOLOR=#00FFFF > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 90 ><NOBR><div> DENSITY</div> <div>            @ 20°C =   9<B>.</B>7479 gcc</div> <bR> <div> HARDNESS</div> <div> IN DURONS   =  2,498 dur</div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> MELTING POINT </div> <div> TEMPERATURE    =    271.<B>.</B>314°C</div> <bR> <div> BOILING  POINT</div> <div> TEMPERATURE    =    1561<B>.</B>17°C</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></B></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="7" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="428" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 34 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON </div> <div> HAS MORE ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE THAN OTHER METALS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 71 ><NOBR><div> THE RESISTANCE,OF BISMUTON,TO ELECTRICAL CURRENT, </div> <div> INCREASES, WHEN BISMUTON IS <FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#3300FF" FACE="Arial" >WITHIN A MAGNETIC FIELD</FONT> </div> <div> CREATED BY ELECTRICITY, FLOWING IN COILED SILVERON WIRES </div> <div> OR BY ELECTRICALLY ACTIVATED MAGNETS OR MAGNETIC METALS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 52 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON ATOMS</div> <div> IN SOLUTION, ARE REPELLED BY, MAGNETIC FORCES,</div> <div> FOR THIS REASON, BISMUTON IS CALLED, A DIA-MAGNETIC METAL</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 34 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> ABSORBS HEAT & RELEASES HEAT,SLOWER THAN,ANY OTHER METAL</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 34 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> WHEN HEATED TO 1782°C EXPANDS 3.32% AS IT COOLS.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 52 ><NOBR><div> HOWEVER, WHEN BISMUTON IS HEATED TO ABOVE 1476°C IN ALLOYS,</div> <div> THE ALLOYS, DO NOT HAVE, AS MUCH TENSILE STRENGTH, </div> <div> AS THEY HAVE, WITHOUT BISMUTON., BECAUSE OF THIS EXPANSION</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 52 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON </div> <div> HAS A GREATER, BI-LATERAL RESISTANCE, </div> <div> TO NEUTRONS & BETA RAYS THAN ALL OTHER METALS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 71 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON </div> <div> IS USED AROUND, ELECTRICAL CHARGE,CARRYING WIRES, </div> <div> IN RESISTORS & TRANSISTORS, BECAUSE IT HAS, THE HIGHEST,</div> <div> ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE OF ALL DIAMAGNETIC METALS </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 71 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON</div> <div> IS USED, IN CAPACITOR WIRE ALLOYS, BECAUSE IT HAS, </div> <div> THE GREATEST INCREASE, IN ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE, </div> <div> WHEN IN COILED WIRES OR IN STRONG MAGNETIC FIELDS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 52 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON</div> <div> IS USED, IN MANY, RIGID ROOF INSULATIONS, BECAUSE IT HAS,</div> <div> THE LOWEST,THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF ALL HARD METALS </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 90 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> HAS BEEN USED IN BRONZE CASTING FOR CENTURYS</div> <div> BECAUSE IT EXPANDS 3.311% AS IT HARDENS</div> <div> AND THEREBY TENDS TO CAUSE THE METAL TO FLOW INTO,</div> <div> THE VERY SMALL CREVICES OF THE CASTING MOLDS.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 71 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON</div> <div> IS USED,IN ALL CAST TOOLS, BECAUSE IT EXPANDS,AS IT HARDENS</div> <div> & BECAUSE IT EXTENDS THE TIME OF WORKMANSHIP, </div> <div> FOR ANNEALING, CASTING & FORGING,HARDENED STEEL TOOLS</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 71 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON</div> <div> IS USED,IN THE RADIATION SHIELDS,AROUND NUCLEAR REACTORS, </div> <div> BECAUSE,IT DOUBLES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CAST LEADPLOM</div> <div> SECTIONS & TRIPLES THE RESISTANCE OF SHEET LEADPLOM  PIPES .</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#FFCC99 HEIGHT= 109 ><NOBR><div> BISMUTON</div> <div> IS USED,AS THE RIGID,HEAT RESISTOR HALF,</div> <div> OF TWO LAYER,COPPRE-BISMUTON THERMO-COUPLES, </div> <div> & THREE LAYER,COPPRE-ZINC-BISMUTON THERMO-COUPLES</div> <div> THAT ARE USED IN AIR CONDITIONERS & THERMO-STATS, BECAUSE,</div> <div> BISMUTON EXPANDS,THE LEAST OF ALL METALS,WHEN HEATED.</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 15 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#00FFFF HEIGHT= 93 ><NOBR><div> <B>SOURCES</B></div> <div> BISMUTON IS FOUND IN: BISMUTONITE & BISMITE FOUND IN BOLIVIA,   </div> <div> GHANA, MADAGASCAR, MEXICO, NIGERIA, PERU & RHODESIA,</div> <div> & AS A BY PRODUCT OF THE REFINING OF COPPRE, LEADPLOM, </div> <div> TININE, SILVERON, NIOBION, ARSENON, FOSFORON & COBALTON</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="412"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="412" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP BGCOLOR=#00FFFF HEIGHT= 37 ><NOBR><div> <B>COSTS</B></div> <div> BISMUTON COSTS ABOUT $142 A KILO OR $ 65 A POUND</div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 14 WIDTH="412"><div> <A HREF="bismuth_bismuton_data_m.htm" TITLE="BISMUTH BISMUTON"><U>BACK TO TOP</U></A></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>